Effectiveness of Direct Support under the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme on Enhancing Community Livelihoods. A Case Study of Nyarugenge District, Rwanda
Tuyiringire Leonce & Nzabamwita JonasUniversity of Lay Adventists of KigaliEmail: leotuyiringire@gmail.com Abstract: Cash transfer programmes have become central instruments of social protection because they help poor and labour-constrained households smooth consumption, protect human capital, and reduce harmful coping strategies. In Rwanda, the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme (VUP) provides Direct Support to extremely poor households unable…