Evaluating the Implementation of the 2007 National Youth Development Policy in Tanzania: Theories, Outcomes, and Policy Recommendations for Youth Economic Empowerment

Nassibu Richard Mwaifunga
Prime Minister’s Office – Labour, Youth, Employment and Persons with Disabilities (PMO-LYED), Tanzania
Email: nassibu.academics@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study assesses the implementation and impact of the National Youth Development Policy (NYDP) of 2007 on youth economic empowerment in Tanzania. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 2,130 youth across 14 regions and triangulated with key informant interviews, document reviews, and structured observation. The findings reveal notable successes, including increased access to concessional loans (from TZS 2.3 billion in 2015 to TZS 72.82 billion in 2022), the creation of over 217 youth-led enterprises, and the allocation of 274,091.33 acres of land to youth economic ventures. Despite these gains, challenges persist and youth unemployment remains high at 12.2%, youth participation in agriculture and ICT remain low, and policy coordination is weak due to the absence of a formal implementation strategy.The study applies Community Youth Development, Positive Youth Development, and Humanistic theories to analyse the structural, social, and motivational dimensions of policy effectiveness. Recommendations include revising the NYDP to align with Agenda 2063 and SDGs, developing a robust implementation framework, investing in digital and agricultural ecosystems, and mainstreaming youth participation in planning. The paper concludes that a reformed, inclusive, and evidence-driven policy is necessary to unlock Tanzania’s demographic dividend and drive sustainable development.