Abstract: This study examined the effect of Speed Enforcement Cameras Deployment on Road Accident Trends in Kigali City, Rwanda. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effect of speed enforcement cameras deployment on road accident trends in Kigali City. The study adopted a descriptive research design using a mixed-methods approach. A total of 300 participants were targeted, comprising 298 drivers and motorcyclists who responded to structured questionnaires and 2 administrative personnel who participated in semi-structured interviews. Of the 298 questionnaires administered, 286 were successfully completed and returned, representing a response rate of 96.0%, while both key informants participated in the interviews. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, while secondary data were obtained through documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis using SPSS Version 25. The findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between Speed Enforcement Cameras Deployment and Road Accident Trends (r = 0.759, p < 0.001). Regression results showed that Speed Enforcement Cameras Deployment significantly predicted Road Accident Trends (β = 0.759, p < 0.001), with an R² of 0.577, indicating that 57.7% of the variation in Road Accident Trends was explained by speed enforcement cameras deployment. The study concludes that effective deployment of speed enforcement cameras is significantly associated with improved road safety outcomes in Kigali City. The study recommends strategic deployment, regular maintenance, calibration, monitoring, and continuous evaluation of speed enforcement cameras, particularly in high-risk locations, to enhance compliance with speed limits and improve road safety.

Abstract: Motorcycle transport, commonly referred to as boda boda, has emerged as a vital livelihood strategy for rural youth in Kenya, offering income, mobility, and social engagement amid limited employment opportunities. While it empowers young people economically, it also exposes them to risks, including accidents, substance use, gender-based vulnerabilities, and occasional involvement in crime. This paper presents a systematic and comparative review of empirical and grey literature from Kenya and similar low- and middle-income contexts, guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework. Studies from 2005 to 2025 were sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and relevant government and NGO reports, focusing on the socio-economic outcomes of commercial motorcycle transport for youth. Qualitative findings were thematically synthesized, and quantitative data narratively integrated. Findings indicate that boda boda work enhances income stability, enables asset accumulation, and strengthens social networks. However, structural vulnerabilities high accident rates, substance abuse, gender inequities, and weak regulation persist, reflecting broader issues of youth unemployment and informality. Comparative evidence from Nigeria, Uganda, and Tanzania suggests these challenges are common across similar contexts. Targeted interventions, including structured safety training, access to affordable credit, and stronger regulatory enforcement, can amplify socio-economic benefits while mitigating risks. By situating Kenya’s experience within African and global perspectives, this paper contributes to debates on youth employment, informal transport, and rural development, offering evidence-informed directions for research, policy, and practice aimed at fostering safe, sustainable, and inclusive livelihoods for rural youth.