Abstract: This study examined the effect of land acquisition challenges on the performance of the Bugesera International Airport project. The primary objective was to assess the Influence of land acquisition challenges on the Bugesera International Airport project’s budget. Data were collected from 180 valid respondents through a survey, utilizing descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and correlation methods. The key findings revealed that land acquisition challenges significantly impacted all aspects of project performance. The mean scores for the effects on the project budget, timeline, goal achievement, and stakeholder satisfaction ranged from 3.86 to 3.96, indicating strong agreement that these challenges had a substantial negative effect. The regression analysis showed a strong relationship between land acquisition issues and project performance, with an R² value of 0.896, explaining 89.6% of the variance in project outcomes. The Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.071 indicated positive autocorrelation, suggesting that the impact of land acquisition challenges was consistent over time. The ANOVA results (p-value = 0.000) confirmed a highly significant relationship between land acquisition challenges and project performance. Pearson correlation results showed strong and statistically significant relationships between land acquisition challenges and project budget. These findings highlight the critical role of land acquisition challenges in affecting the overall success of the Bugesera International Airport project.