Abstract: Child inclusion in family decision-making has gained growing attention due to its potential role in reducing juvenile delinquency. This study examined the influence of child participation on delinquent behavior in families within Nairobi South Ward, Kenya. Guided by the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Social Control Theory, the study adopted a correlational research design with a mixed-methods approach. A sample of 395 children, parents, and key informants was selected using Yamane’s formula. Data were collected through questionnaires and structured interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that child participation in family decision-making had a statistically significant negative relationship with juvenile delinquency (β = -0.749, p < 0.01), demonstrating that inclusive parenting practices reduce delinquent tendencies. Child empowerment also showed a marginally significant effect (β = -0.424, p = 0.06), highlighting its complementary role in fostering positive behavior. Family structure and social life activities were not significant predictors quantitatively, though qualitative insights suggested indirect influences through social bonding and peer exposure. The study concludes that fostering participatory parenting and empowering children are critical in preventing juvenile delinquency. It recommends policy reforms, family-level interventions, and community programs that enhance child inclusion and supportive social environments.

Abstract: Juvenile delinquency is a growing concern globally, with family environments playing a critical role in shaping youth behavior. This study explored how family structure influences juvenile delinquency in Loitoktok Sub-County, Kajiado County, Kenya. Guided by Social Learning Theory and Strain Theory, it examined the effects of parental neglect, family conflict, household structure, and substance abuse on delinquent behavior. A mixed-methods design was adopted, involving 160 participants: 150 juveniles in conflict with the law and 16 parents or guardians. Juveniles were selected through simple random sampling, while purposive and snowball techniques identified guardians. Data were collected through questionnaires and document reviews from children’s offices and probation records. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS v26, while qualitative insights were examined thematically with NVivo. Findings revealed high exposure to dysfunctional family environments, with 78.3% reporting parental neglect, 72.8% citing absence of one or both parents, and 65.1% attributing delinquency to unstable family structures. Family conflict (69.4%) and household substance abuse (74.6%) also emerged as strong predictors of deviant behavior. The study concludes that fragile family systems are significant drivers of youth crime and recommends family-centered interventions to strengthen relationships, enhance parenting, and promote child protection.

Abstract: The study aimed to assess the relationship between children’s participation in education and vocational programs and their rehabilitation outcomes. Despite ef orts to enhance Borstal programs, their ef ectiveness remains a concern. Guided by Social Disorganization Theory by Shaw and McKay, the study adopted a convergent parallel research design, analyzing qualitative data through thematic analysis and quantitative data using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics. The target population was 200 children and eight Key Informants at the Shimo La Tewa Borstal Institution. The study used census sampling for the children, out of which 186 participated, and purposive sampling key informants, out of which five participated. Data collection involved questionnaires for the children and interview schedules for key informants. A pilot study at Shanzu Probation Hostel using 20 children in conflict with the law and 3 key informants confirmed the reliability of the tools, and ethical approvals were obtained. Findings revealed a positive relationship between participation in formal education and vocational training and the rehabilitation of the children, indicating a significant contribution of these programs to reform. The study recommended that Shimo La Tewa Borstal strengthen its education and vocational programs. It also recommended that the Ministry of Interior should establish a standard rehabilitation framework and fund pre-release and aftercare programs. In addition, the Ministry of Education needs to deploy qualified teachers and instructors to Shimo La Tewa Borstal Institution. Additionally, researchers were encouraged to conduct longitudinal studies to evaluate post-release outcomes.