Abstract: Tourism in Kenya is highly exposed to the adverse effects of climate change due to its dependence on climate-sensitive natural attractions and ecosystems. However, the level of preparedness among tourism stakeholders to effectively respond to these impacts remains insufficiently implicit. This study therefore sought to examine the preparedness of tourism stakeholders for climate change impacts, identify existing gaps, and propose strategies for strengthening resilience within the sector. The study is grounded in the Adaptive Capacity Theory (Folke et al., 2003), which emphasizes that the resilience of socio-ecological systems is determined by the ability of individuals, communities, and institutions to anticipate, cope with, and recover fromenvironmental changes. A descriptive research design was adopted, relying on secondary data drawn from government reports, tourism policy documents, sectoral studies, and peer-reviewed journal articles. Data were collected through systematic review and structured extraction using a data matrix to ensure consistency and comparability. Validity and reliability were enhanced by using credible and authoritative sources, triangulating information across multiple documents, and prioritizing recent publications. Thematic content analysis was used to examine patterns relating to stakeholder awareness, adaptation measures, institutional support, challenges, and levels of preparedness. The findings reveal that although awareness of climate change is generally high among stakeholders, overall preparedness remains moderate. Larger tourism enterprises and government-supported destinations demonstrate relatively higher adaptive capacity compared to small-scale operators and rural-based tourism enterprises. Major constraints include limited financial resources, weak institutional coordination, and inadequate stakeholder collaboration. The study concludes that strengthening adaptive capacity is critical for sustainable tourism development in Kenya. It recommends enhanced technical capacity building, improved policy coordination, strengthened stakeholder partnerships, and increased financial investment in climate-resilient tourism initiatives.

Abstract: The study addresses the challenges of climate variability on agriculture, emphasizing the need for effective adaptation strategies to sustain food production. Globally, governments and private entities have implemented short- and long-term measures, including crop diversification, optimized planting dates, and irrigation, to mitigate the impacts of erratic climate changes. However, more capital-intensive strategies, like changing crop types and modernizing farms, have seen limited adoption. In Kenya’s Uriri Sub-County, the growth of smallholder tobacco farming over the past three decades has intensified environmental degradation and increased vulnerability to climate variability. Adaptation strategies such as altering planting dates and diversifying crops have been insufficient, exacerbating social inequalities among farmers. Grounded in sustainable livelihoods and climate resilience theory, this study employs a mixed methods approach to explore the complexities of tobacco farming and its impacts. A sample of 150 smallholder farmers from Uriri Sub-County, selected through stratified random sampling, participated in structured interviews, focus group discussions, and surveys. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and statistical methods. The findings reveal that current tobacco farming practices are unsustainable and inadequate for long-term climate resilience. The study advocates for adopting more sustainable agricultural practices, such as agroforestry and crop diversification, and calls for policy interventions to transition from tobacco to more sustainable crops. Strengthening local institutions and ensuring equitable access to agribusiness opportunities are essential for achieving long-term sustainability.