Abstract: This study examined the role of Local Supplier Readiness Strategies in enhancing public procurement performance at Rwanda Medical Supply (RMS). The study focused on capacity-building programs and training initiatives and their contribution to public procurement performance. A descriptive and explanatory research design was adopted using a quantitative approach. The target population comprised 120 employees of Rwanda Medical Supply, and census sampling was used. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained through documentary review. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. The findings indicated that capacity-building programs and training initiatives were generally implemented to strengthen suppliers’ technical skills, understanding of procurement requirements, compliance with regulatory and quality standards, and ability to meet procurement expectations. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between capacity-building programs and training initiatives and public procurement performance (r = 0.680, p < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that capacity-building programs and training initiatives explained 46.2% of the variation in public procurement performance (R² = 0.462), while the effect was statistically significant (B = 0.760, p < 0.001). The study concluded that effective capacity-building programs and training initiatives contribute to improved supplier readiness and public procurement performance at Rwanda Medical Supply. It recommends strengthening supplier training, technical guidance, mentoring, and advisory support, particularly in procurement procedures, regulatory requirements, quality standards, and supplier compliance, to sustain effective public procurement performance.

Abstract: This study examined the influence of project cost control on the performance of the Irrigation and Integrated Watershed Management Project (IIWMP) in Kayonza District, Rwanda. The objectives were to examine cost forecasting, budgeting, cost reporting, and cost estimation on project performance. A descriptive design with quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted. From 893 stakeholders, a sample of 269 was drawn using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula and stratified random sampling. Valid responses from 256 beneficiaries (98.1%) were analysed using SPSS version 26. Findings showed all four cost-control practices correlated with performance (p < .01). The regression model was significant, R² = .767, F(4,251) = 207.045, p < .001. Cost forecasting (β = .677, p < .001) and cost reporting (β = .387, p < .001) had significant positive effects. Budgeting (β = .072, p = .206) and cost estimation (β = −.114, p = .037) showed no independent contribution due to collinearity. The study concluded that cost forecasting and reporting are the strongest determinants of performance. The findings suggest that strengthening forecasting systems, enhancing reporting mechanisms, and clarifying the distinct roles of estimation and forecasting can improve project performance. The study recommends that the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources and development partners continue supporting financial accountability and capacity-building initiatives to improve the performance and sustainability of irrigation and watershed management projects in Rwanda. Future research should examine other factors influencing project performance, such as risk management, stakeholder engagement, and procurement management.

Abstract: This study examined the effect of Inventory Management Practices on the operational performance of RITE Pharmacy in Rwanda. Specifically, the study aimed at examining the effect of inventory planning and forecasting on operational performance of Rite Pharmacy in Rwanda. The study adopted a quantitative approach using explanatory and correlational research designs. The target population comprised 72 employees, and a census approach was used. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that inventory planning and forecasting were positively associated with operational performance. Pearson correlation established a very strong positive and statistically significant relationship between inventory planning and forecasting and operational performance (r = 0.938, p = 0.000). Regression analysis showed that inventory planning and forecasting significantly predicted operational performance, explaining 88.0% of the variation inoperational performance (R² = 0.880, F = 461.915, p = 0.000). The regression coefficient further indicated a positive and significant effect of inventory planning and forecasting on operational performance (β = 0.938, p = 0.000). The study concluded that effective inventory planning and forecasting, including the use of historical sales information, demand forecasting, consideration of seasonal variations, and accurate prediction of future stock requirements, contribute to improved operational performance. The study recommends strengthening the use of historical sales data, regularly updating demand forecasts, and improving the accuracy of information used for inventory planning.

Abstract: This study examined the influence of Project Management Information Systems on the performance of construction projects in Rwanda, with a case of Inzovu Mall Construction Project. The specific objectives were to assess the influence of system quality, examine the influence of information quality, and evaluate the influence of system usage on the performance of Inzovu Mall Construction Project. The study was anchored on the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model, Technology Acceptance Model, and Resource-Based View Theory. A descriptive and analytical research design was adopted using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population consisted of 162 respondents, and census sampling was used because the population was manageable. Correlation findings indicated strong positive and significant relationships between system quality and project performance (r=0.837, p=0.000), information quality and project performance (r=0.845, p=0.000), and system usage and project performance (r=0.886, p=0.000). Regression results confirmed that PMIS dimensions jointly explained a large proportion of variation in project performance (R=0.912, R²=0.831, Adj. R²=0.828). System quality had a positive and significant influence on project performance (B=0.253, t=3.373, p=0.001), information quality also had a positive and significant influence (B=0.184, t=2.453, p=0.015), and system usage recorded the strongest positive influence (B=0.520, t=7.879, p=0.000). The study concluded that PMIS improved performance of Inzovu Mall Construction Project through reliable systems, accurate information, and regular system use. The study recommended that project management should strengthen PMIS reliability, train users continuously, standardize digital reporting, and ensure that system-generated information is used in daily project decisions.

Abstract: This study examined the effect of inventory management practices on the organizational performance of Rwanda Medical Supply. The study focused on demand forecasting practices and their contribution to organizational performance. A descriptive and explanatory research design was adopted using a quantitative approach. The target population comprised 120 employees of Rwanda Medical Supply, and census sampling was used. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained through documentary review. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and regression analysis. The findings indicated that demand forecasting practices were generally applied at a high level, particularly through the use of historical consumption data and consideration of seasonal and service demand patterns. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between demand forecasting practices and organizational performance (r = 0.710, p < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that demand forecasting practices explained 50.4% of the variation in organizational performance (R² = 0.504), while the effect was statistically significant (B = 0.760, p < 0.001). The study concluded that effective demand forecasting contributes to improved inventory planning, stock availability, resource utilization, and organizational performance. It recommends strengthening forecasting tools, regularly reviewing and updating demand forecasts, and monitoring forecasting accuracy to support effective inventory management and service delivery.

Abstract: This study examined teachers’ perceptions of positive reinforcement and the contextual challenges affecting its implementation for learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in inclusive junior schools in Thika West Sub-County, Kenya. Data were collected from 12 teachers using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, complemented by document analysis across four participating schools. Teachers reported strongly favourable perceptions of positive reinforcement’s usefulness (overall perception mean = 4.00, SD = 0.80), most strongly agreeing that it improves classroom behaviour (M = 4.67, SD = 0.49) and increases learners’ motivation to participate (M = 4.58, SD = 0.51). However, perceived adequacy of training on positive reinforcement received the lowest rating of any perception item (M = 3.08, SD = 1.24), and perceived institutional support was similarly modest (M = 3.33, SD = 1.07). Teachers identified large class sizes (91.7%, M = 4.67), inadequate training (83.3%, M = 4.42), and limited teaching and learning resources (75.0%, M = 4.17) as the most frequently and strongly reported implementation challenges. Qualitative interview evidence and document analysis corroborated and contextualised these patterns, showing that favourable attitudes toward positive reinforcement coexisted with self-reported gaps in practical training and variable school-level documentation of reinforcement practice. The findings suggest that positive teacher attitudes, while a necessary condition, are not sufficient for consistent implementation of positive reinforcement in the absence of adequate training and institutional support, an attitude-implementation gap with direct implications for teacher professional development policy in inclusive junior schools.

Abstract: Digital banking projects have become increasingly important in enhancing efficiency, accessibility, and service delivery in the banking sector. However, the successful implementation and performance of these projects are often threatened by various risks. This study examined influence of risk monitoring and control on the performance of digital banking projects at Postbank Kenya in Nairobi County. The study was anchored on Stakeholder Theory and Enterprise Risk Management Theory. The study adopted a mixed-methods research approach and employed a convergent parallel research design. The study targeted 120 participants using census sampling. Structured questionnaires were administered to 115 employees, of whom 112 responded, while 5 departmental managers were interviewed and all responded. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 30 through descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. The study found that risk monitoring and control plays a critical role in digital banking project performance, with continuous risk monitoring, performance tracking, regular risk audits, and timely corrective action strengthening project implementation and performance. Inferential results revealed that risk monitoring and control (β = 0.318, p < 0.001) had a positive and significant influence on project performance, while the overall risk-management model explained 68.7% of the variation in project performance (R² = 0.687). The study concludes that effective risk monitoring and control significantly enhances digital banking project performance. It recommends strengthening continuous risk monitoring, performance tracking, risk reporting, regular risk audits, and timely corrective action to enhance digital banking project performance and sustainability.

Abstract: This study assessed the effect of digital human resource management (DHRM) on the performance of Bank of Kigali, Rwanda, over 2020–2024. Despite sustained investment in digital HR practices, the bank’s performance was reported to remain inconsistent. The study pursued four objectives: to establish the effects of digital human resource skilling, digital performance management, digital human resource development, and digital human resource analytics and reporting on bank performance. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, Socio-Technical Systems theory, and the Resource-Based View, it adopted an explanatory and correlational design. From a target population of 4,889 employees and stakeholders at the head office, 370 respondents were selected using the Yamane formula. Data were collected through questionnaires, interview guides,and documentation, and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation and multiple regression) in SPSS. The four predictors jointly explained 85% of the variation in performance, and all four exerted positive, statistically significant effects (p < 0.05), leading to rejection of all null hypotheses. The study concluded that DHRM is a meaningful driver of the bank’s performance and recommended that Bank of Kigali strengthen digital career-pathing and real-time HR analytics to improve retention and decision-making.

Abstract: This study examined the effect of market diversification on financial performance of selected manufacturing firms in Kigali, Rwanda. The research aimed to assess how market diversification influences the financial performance of selected manufacturing firms. A descriptive research design employing a quantitative approach was used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between market diversification and financial performance. The target population included 125 respondents from selected manufacturing firms, with a final sample of 115 respondents participating through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS, applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between market diversification and financial performance, with a Pearson correlation coefficientof r = 0.825 (p < 0.01). Regression analysis further confirmed that market diversification is a significant predictor of financial performance, highlighting its role in expanding market coverage, increasing customer reach, strengthening export activities, and creating additional business opportunities. Based on these findings, the study recommends that manufacturing firms continue expanding into multiple markets, strengthen geographical market coverage, increase participation in export markets, serve different customer segments, and distribute their market activities across different regions. These insights provide practical guidance for manufacturing firms in Kigali, Rwanda, seeking to use market diversification as a strategic approach to improve financial performance and sustain business growth.

Abstract—Sub-Saharan Africa must extend electricity access while restraining the growth of energy-sector carbon emissions. Distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) generation with battery storage is widely proposed to reconcile these aims, yet measured field evidence quantifying the achieved mitigation for small installations in remote East-African settings is scarce. This paper reports a measurement-based assessment of a rooftop PV–battery hybrid system monitored at Wasso, Ngorongoro District, Tanzania, over 165 recorded days of operation (20 January to 14 July 2026). Daily telemetry of production, consumption, grid exchange and battery activity was analysed to establish the energy balance, self-sufficiency, inferred system rating and avoided carbon emissions. The system, whose array is inferred at approximately 20 kWp, generated 8 797 kWh at a specific yield of theorder of 970 kWh/kWp/yr; effectively all output was consumed on-site, meeting 51.7 % of the 14 739 kWh site demand at an inferred storage round-trip efficiency of 79.3 %. Applying displacement factors of 0.53 kgCO2/kWh (grid) and 0.80 kgCO2/kWh (diesel), and deducting embodied life-cycle emissions, the installation avoided 4.24–6.62 t of CO2 over the window, equivalent to 9.4–14.6 tCO2/yr and to roughly 220–344 t across a 25-year service life. The solar resource is characterised from validated satellite databases, metering accuracy is stated by reference to recognised standards, and the reported avoided-emission figures carry a propagated measurement uncertainty. The near-zero export confirms that correct storage sizing is central to maximising on-site displacement. A multi-parameter sensitivity analysis confirms the displacement emission factor as the dominant assumption, and the measured performance metrics are benchmarked against published reviews and against recent African field studies, which independently identify curtailment as a principal loss channel in operating mini-grids. The results provide an empirical reference for renewable-energy engineering practice and competency-based teaching.