Abstract: The goal of this study was to ascertain whether Succession Planning (SP) was applied and how it impacted on the academic success of the seven secondary schools in the Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi Kenya. The study’s objective was to examine the influence of talent attraction, leadership development, knowledge-transfer and employee retention on the academic performance of the chosen seven private secondary schools.. The Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) was used to evaluate the performance schools. Descriptive survey design was chosen for study. To create a sample of 104 respondents, 90 teachers were selected using simple random sampling, and two executives were chosen from each institution using a purposive sampling technique. Prior to the main study, a pilot test was done to determine how well the tools worked. Utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics, computable data was examined. The academic achievement of the private Catholic secondary schools in the Archdiocese of Nairobi was found to be significantly correlated with teachers’ succession planning. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between leadership development and employee retention at a value of r=0.732 P< 0.05 and r=0.999 P <0.05 respectively. This proved that employee retention and leadership development had a greater impact on academic performance of the schools. The study recommended that the school administration needed to implement methods that are competitive to boost employee retention, uphold a positive and productive work environment, improve school structures and systems, and provide career and health benefits for their employees.

Abstract: This paper contributed to education stakeholders by addressing challenges faced by TVET graduates on employment and suggesting strategies and recommendations to improve youth employment. Purposive and simple random sampling were used to select 192 respondents and data were collected from 150 TVET youth graduates, 20 TVET trainers, and 12 employers. A descriptive research design was used to collect, interpret and report data. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 150 TVET graduates whereas guided interview was used to collect data from 20 TVET trainers and 12 employers. The study noted the following challenges faced by TVET youth graduates in finding employment: insufficient training facilities, short period of industrial attachment program, training based on theory than practice, untrained trainers in CBT/CBA, and mismatch of acquired skills with employable skills. The study recommends to Rwandan Education stakeholders to set out a Dual TVET Training policy from level one to five, provide to TVET private schools training facilities as they accommodate a high number of trainees than public schools, and to expand training to all trainers on CBT/CBA.

Abstract: Job commitment is a very significant value for both the employer and employee since this has an impact to the organization’s characteristics. According to Vihiga Sub County Education office (Kenya), (2021) statistics showed that some teachers had left teaching to join other institutions. Thus, the aim of carrying out this research was to critically establish how motivational strategies influence the commitment of teachers in public primary schools in Vihiga Sub-County. The specific research question was, “What is the influence of working conditions on the commitment of teachers in public primary schools in the Sub-County of Vihiga?” This study adopted Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory coupled with a descriptive survey design and a target population of 818 teachers (inclusive of 67 head teachers), and 11 education officers. A sample of 36 schools was used to collect data using Observation schedule, a questionnaire and an interview guide. The study findings showed that many teachers in the government sponsored primary schools in Vihiga Sub County were not comfortable with the working conditions. This affected their commitment to their work leading the below average performance of their learners. The study concluded that working conditions influenced teacher commitment in the public primary schools in Vihiga Sub County. The study recommends that all the government sponsored primary schools should be provided with enough and quality school learning facilities such as equipment, clean facilities and maintenance which catalyze the attitudes and commitment of teachers.

Abstract: This study assessed the availability of ICT and its influence on students’ academic performance in Karatu District. Specifically, the study identified the availability of ICT and its influence on student’s learning behaviour and determined the availability of ICT and its influence on effective teaching and learning in Secondary Schools. This study employed descriptive survey design. Six schools were randomly selected. Total of 99 respondents participated in the study which included 60 students, 21 teachers selected using stratified and simple random sampling while 6 Head of Schools, 6 IT Experts and 6 Planning Officers were purposively selected. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while interview guide was used to collect qualitative data. Reliability for students’ (0.89) and teachers’ questionnaire (0.91) was estimated using Cronbach alpha. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study revealed that ICT influence students’ learning behaviour such that, it transform students’ learning behaviour into great passion to learn through audio-visuals and through practical aids in the classroom setting. Moreover, availability of ICT in secondary schools influence on effective teaching and learning such that ICT is used in facilitating curriculum implementation in secondary schools. The study recommends that, since it has been revealed that availability of ICT has a great influence on students’ academic performance in secondary schools, the government should provide ICT equipment: computers, printers, projectors and internet in secondary schools to help them integrate ICT in schools in order to attain the goals of education.

Abstract: This study assessed the shortage of science and mathematics teachers and its effects on secondary education in Karatu District. The objectives of this study were to: determine the effects of shortage of science and mathematics teachers on syllabus coverage in secondary schools and identify the effects of shortage of science and mathematics teachers on students’ learning behaviour in secondary schools. This study employed descriptive survey design. Total of 158 respondents participated in the study, which included 102 students, 48 teachers selected using clustered and random sampling, while 6 Head of Schools and 2 Educational Officers were purposively selected. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while interview guide was used to collect qualitative data. Research experts validated the instruments and the reliability test (TQ=0.91 & SQ=0.89) was conducted using Cronbach alpha. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that shortage of science and mathematics teachers in secondary schools affects the early syllabus coverage and some topics are not covered at all. Similarly, shortage of science and mathematics teachers affects students’ learning behaviour in secondary schools as students lose the passion to learn science and mathematics and decide to take arts subjects due to the negative attitude developed towards science and mathematics subjects. The study recommends that in order to mitigate the shortage of science and mathematics teachers, new systems to recruit, support, and retain teachers need to be developed and those recruited teachers should be motivated.

Abstract: Women in decision-making positions play a crucial role in developing meaningful gender mainstreaming strategies, gender inequity is one of the underlying causes of low productivity as it cripples their effective participation. The aim of this paper is to examine the levels of women involvement on decision making process in deposit taking SACCOs in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study used cross-sectional research design and targeted 11 managers and 867 delegates. A sample size of 266 delegates and 11 managers was used in the study. Proportionate and simple random sampling were used to select delegates while purposive sampling was used to select the managers. The study used questionnaires and interview guides to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS (version 25) and the findings presented using frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data was analysed descriptively and presented in narrations and quotations. The study revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between women involvement in terms of voice and decision making (r = .453; p = .000). The paper concluded that women involvement in deposit taking positively influenced decision-making process. It is recommended that there is need to encourage women to actively participate in decision-making process by ensuring that their voices are captured in the decision making process.

Abstract: The proposition of this paper is that gender representation is the gist for meaningful development in a country. In this paper we analyzed the effect of gender representation on decision making process in deposit taking Saccos in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. We argue that despite gender representation being an important aspect in the growth of Saccos, it has been given a low profile in the management of Saccos, thus impacting negatively their growth and achievement. The study used cross-sectional research design and targeted 11 managers and 867 delegates. A sample size of 266 delegates and 11 managers was used. Simple random sampling was used to select delegates, while purposive sampling was used to select the managers. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data was analyzed by SPSS (version 25) and the findings were presented using frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data was analyzed descriptively and presented in narrations and quotations. The study found that there was a significant positive correlation between gender representation and decision-making in deposit taking Saccos ((r = .387; p = .000). It was concluded that the number of women in decision making organs in deposit taking Saccos leads to improved decision-making process and therefore there is need for improving the number of women in decision making organs in deposit-taking Saccos since the presence of women in Sacco boards was associated with efficiency in decision-making process.

Abstract: Unconditional Cash Transfer UCT) has been identified by most developing countries as a significant strategy for improving the socio-economic livelihoods of elderly persons. This strategy has received ample consideration from scholars, policymakers, and international organizations since the 1990s, however, in Kenya, it has picked the momentum in the last decade. Despite its significance to elderly people, the program has experienced constraints during its implementation. Most studies on UCT programs seem tilted towards evaluating their impacts while neglecting the arguments surrounding the constraints impacting the implementation process. This paper aims to analyze and critique these constraints. A descriptive research design was used and elderly persons were targeted as respondents. The sample size was 102 respondents. Simple random sampling was used. The study used questionnaires and interviews as the main data collection instruments. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data analysis was transcribed verbatim into themes. The study found that the implementation of elderly persons’ unconditional cash transfers is affected by constraints such as community participation, misappropriation of resources, and the capacity of implementers to a greater extent. However, different delivery mechanisms of unconditional cash transfers may pose barriers for intended participants, such as spending time and having the mobility to collect cash at a payment point. The paper recommends the adoption of friendly digital innovations to offer solutions for inclusive processes as well as sensitize the beneficiaries on ways to access cash and how to effectively utilize it.

Abstract: This study seeks to understand the contribution of evolving Darwinism to the debate between science and religion and the impacts of evolving Darwinism to modern science. In analyzing the impacts of evolving Darwinism in modern science, the study will focus precisely on the roles of evolving Darwinism in medicine, neuroscience, DNA and germ cell. With regards to the relationship between science and religion, the study will examine the different models which exist between science and religion, that is conflict, independence, dialogue and integration model. In the contemporary period, many scholars still present the thoughts of Darwin on evolution theory as it was. However, this study will view the theory of evolution from the perspective of evolving Darwinism. This perspective of evolving Darwinism gives new interpretation to the evolution theory. The new interpretation of evolving Darwinism focuses on the importance of the evolution theory today, especially in the light of transformative faith and science. The study of this new interpretation, the evolving Darwinism, is a theoretical study, which will rely solely on existing literature. The key findings of the study include the dialogue and integral models of the relationship of science and religion, there is a greater understanding of human nature and the understanding of reality. Secondly, with the application of evolving Darwinism to medicine, there is a decrease rate of mortality because the ultimate causes of diseases are identified. Therefore, from the study, the relationship of science and religion is dialogical and integral. Besides, evolving Darwinism has contributed greatly to the modern understanding of science.

Abstract: The study was undertaken in 2017 to measure the contribution of revenue collection actors in own source revenue mobilization of four Local Government Authorities in Tanzania Mainland. The four LGAs from which the study was undertaken were; Bahi District Council, Dodoma Municipal Council, Kongwa District Council, and Manyoni District Council. The sample size of the study was 84 respondents obtained through purposive sampling.s. The structured cross-sectional survey design was adopted because it covers the wide range of the study area. The research findings revealed that 24 (28%) of councilors their contributions were community mobilization and sensitization to pay local taxes, identification of local revenue sources, approval of by-laws and revenue collection estimates, monitoring and supervision of own source revenue collection in their areas of jurisdiction. Moreover, the results showed that 20 (24%) of CMT members their contributions were to identify revenue sources, set revenue collection estimates, collect and supervise revenue, and educate tax payers to pay taxes. Furthermore, the findings revealed that 16 (19%) of WEOs/MEOs/VEOs their contributions were community mobilization and sensitization, revenue collection and supervision, educates people on the benefits of paying taxes in their areas of jurisdiction. Also, the research findings showed that 8 (10%) of own source revenue collectors their contributions were own source revenue collection. Moreover, the results revealed that 16 (19%) of tax payers their contributions were to pay local taxes to their respective LGAs. Therefore, own source revenue collection actors are very indispensable people for LGAs own source revenue mobilization. Consequently, better social service delivery to the local community can be attained by the respective LGA.